Cloze Text - Academy Award
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The Academy Award is bestowed by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers, and is universally identified by the Oscar statuette.
The formal ceremony at which the Awards of Merit are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, and is televised live in more than 100 countries annually; it is also the oldest award ceremony in the media; its equivalents in the other performing arts are the Grammy Awards (for music), Emmy Awards (for television), and Tony Awards (for theatre).
The Academy was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a honorary organization to help improve the film industry's image, and the Oscar was an award for distinctive achievement in the field.
The first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929, at a private brunch at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood with an audience of about 270 people; the cost of guest tickets for that night was $5, and fifteen statuettes were awarded. Winners had been announced three months earlier in 1929; however that was changed in the second ceremony of the Academy Awards in 1930.
Since then for about a decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11 pm on the night of the awards; but in 1940 the Los Angeles Times announced the winners before the ceremony began; as a result, the Academy has used a sealed envelope to reveal the name of the winners since 1941.
For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years; since the 7th Academy Awards of 1935 the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.
The Oscar statuette is made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13.5 in (34 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.85 kg) and depicts a knight in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes, each representing the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians. During World War II, the statuettes were made of plaster and were traded in for gold ones after the war had ended.
Among Italian nominees for Acting, the only Oscar winners were Roberto Benigni in 1998 for Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella), Anna Magnani in 1955 for The Rose Tattoo and Sophia Loren in 1961 for Two Women (Italian title: La ciociara). The only Italian directors to win Academy Awards were Frank Capra, who was born in Italy therefore only technically Italian - who won three times in 1934, 1936 and 1938, and Bernardo Bertolucci in 1987 with The Last Emperor.
Italians have won many times the technical awards, as the three Awards as Best Art Direction to Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo, in 2004 for The Aviator, in 2007 for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and in 2011 for Hugo. Best cinematography went to Pasqualino De Santis for Romeo and Juliet in 1968, to Vittorio Storaro three times: in 1979 for Apocalypse Now, in 1981 for Reds, in 1987 for The Last Emperor, and to Mauro Fiore for Avatar in 2009.
In the years other Italians won Oscars for Best costume design, Best Editing, and a great many for Best Music (Original Score and Song), as Nino Rota in 1974 with the score of The Godfather: Part II, and the three awards to Giorgio Moroder, one in 1978 as Best Original Score for Midnight Express, and two best songs, in 1983 "Flashdance... What a Feeling" and in 1986 with Top Gun for "Take My Breath Away", not to mention Ennio Morricone's honorary Oscar in 2007.
Among the top-scorers were three movies which won 11 Academy Awards: Ben-Hur (1959), Titanic (1997) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), which also won all 11 categories for which it was nominated. Two films received 14 nominations: All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997).
For the most awards won by a single man there is Walt Disney who won 26 Oscars (22 competitive, 4 honorary), as well as having the record for the most Oscars in one year, 4. Then John Ford won the most directing awards, with 4 Oscars. In Acting, Katharine Hepburn won 4 Academy Awards (all for Best Actress), and other four actors have each won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman, Meryl Streep, Jack Nicholson and Walter Brennan.
The formal ceremony at which the Awards of Merit are presented is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, and is televised live in more than 100 countries annually; it is also the oldest award ceremony in the media; its equivalents in the other performing arts are the Grammy Awards (for music), Emmy Awards (for television), and Tony Awards (for theatre).
The Academy was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a honorary organization to help improve the film industry's image, and the Oscar was an award for distinctive achievement in the field.
The first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929, at a private brunch at the Hotel Roosevelt in Hollywood with an audience of about 270 people; the cost of guest tickets for that night was $5, and fifteen statuettes were awarded. Winners had been announced three months earlier in 1929; however that was changed in the second ceremony of the Academy Awards in 1930.
Since then for about a decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11 pm on the night of the awards; but in 1940 the Los Angeles Times announced the winners before the ceremony began; as a result, the Academy has used a sealed envelope to reveal the name of the winners since 1941.
For the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years; since the 7th Academy Awards of 1935 the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.
The Oscar statuette is made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13.5 in (34 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.85 kg) and depicts a knight in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes, each representing the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians. During World War II, the statuettes were made of plaster and were traded in for gold ones after the war had ended.
Among Italian nominees for Acting, the only Oscar winners were Roberto Benigni in 1998 for Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella), Anna Magnani in 1955 for The Rose Tattoo and Sophia Loren in 1961 for Two Women (Italian title: La ciociara). The only Italian directors to win Academy Awards were Frank Capra, who was born in Italy therefore only technically Italian - who won three times in 1934, 1936 and 1938, and Bernardo Bertolucci in 1987 with The Last Emperor.
Italians have won many times the technical awards, as the three Awards as Best Art Direction to Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo, in 2004 for The Aviator, in 2007 for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and in 2011 for Hugo. Best cinematography went to Pasqualino De Santis for Romeo and Juliet in 1968, to Vittorio Storaro three times: in 1979 for Apocalypse Now, in 1981 for Reds, in 1987 for The Last Emperor, and to Mauro Fiore for Avatar in 2009.
In the years other Italians won Oscars for Best costume design, Best Editing, and a great many for Best Music (Original Score and Song), as Nino Rota in 1974 with the score of The Godfather: Part II, and the three awards to Giorgio Moroder, one in 1978 as Best Original Score for Midnight Express, and two best songs, in 1983 "Flashdance... What a Feeling" and in 1986 with Top Gun for "Take My Breath Away", not to mention Ennio Morricone's honorary Oscar in 2007.
Among the top-scorers were three movies which won 11 Academy Awards: Ben-Hur (1959), Titanic (1997) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), which also won all 11 categories for which it was nominated. Two films received 14 nominations: All About Eve (1950) and Titanic (1997).
For the most awards won by a single man there is Walt Disney who won 26 Oscars (22 competitive, 4 honorary), as well as having the record for the most Oscars in one year, 4. Then John Ford won the most directing awards, with 4 Oscars. In Acting, Katharine Hepburn won 4 Academy Awards (all for Best Actress), and other four actors have each won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman, Meryl Streep, Jack Nicholson and Walter Brennan.